Monday, September 26, 2011
Synonym pudding.
Synonym pudding. Webster's Tenth Collegiate dictionary lists synonyms of headword head��word?n.1. A word, phrase, or name, usually set in boldface or other distinctive type, that serves as the heading for an entry in a dictionary, encyclopedia, or similar reference work. Also called entry word.2. adjectives in two ways: in small caps in the main definition set, and atthe end with the heading syn followed by a group of additionalsmall cap synonyms. (The latter are selected to highlight thedistinctions among the synonyms; for example lazy, indolent and slothful sloth��ful?adj.Disinclined to work or exertion; lazy. See Synonyms at lazy.slothful��ly adv. all mean "not easily aroused to activity", but lazy suggests adisinclination to take trouble, indolent suggests a love of case, andslothful, a temperamental inability to act promptly.) Approximately 220of the headword adjectives merit the syn treatment, and the onethousand synonyms they dissect represent about one-sixth of the headwordadjectives.Using this data, one can readily construct synonym chains (B is asynonym of A, C is a synonym of B, etc.) and such chains can beconnected into immensely complicated directed networks (B is listed as asynonym of A, but A is not necessarily listed as a synonym of B). In"Synonym Chains" in the May 1988 Word Ways, I showed howchains could be constructed to connect antonyms, such asLIGHT-bright-cunning-furtive-sly-furtive-secret-hidden-obscure-DARK andDARK-obscure-vague-vacant-empty-foolish-simple-easy-LIGHT.In this article, I focus instead on the syn groups. Certainones have words in common; in the most extreme case, a set of sixteenhave such an entanglement. These overlaps are diagrammed below. Selectedadjectives in the same syn group are connected by 01, 02, 03, ...or 16; the full groups are listed at the end of this article. Inaddition, if one examines the synonyms in the main definition set ofeach word in a synonym group, one finds that 38 of these connect withother syn groups (labeled 21, 22,.... 37, 42); connections areindicated by < or >. The most notable of these is the word emptyin the syn group VAIN-nugatory-otiose-idle-empty-hollow, which hasthe synonym foolish in the main definition set. This is part of the syngroup SIMPLE-foolish-silly- fatuous-asinine, which in turn is linkedwith six other syn groups (40, 41.43, 44, 45, 46). Among the remainingsyn groups, there is one linked group of five and two of four; mostof the rest are isolated.The word sensible is found in four different syn groups:AWARE-cognizant-conscious-sensible-alive-awake,MATERIAL-physical-corporeal-phenomenal-sensible-objective,PERCEPTIBLE-sensible-palpable-tangible-appreciable- ponderable pon��der��a��ble?adj.Considerable enough to be weighed or assessed; appreciable: ponderable results; ponderable issues.pon , andWISE-sage-sapient-judicious-prudent-sensible-sane.Why "Synonym Pudding"? I regard the syn groups ashighly-connected subsets of synonyms, much like plums in a pudding; theother five-sixths of adjectives form the pudding filling.Which two adjectives are farthest apart in the pudding? Moreprecisely, each pair of adjectives can be connected by a minimum-lengthchain; for what pair is this minimum maximized? Thisextraordinarily-difficult question can only be answered with the aid ofa computer. What do the corresponding synonym puddings for nouns orverbs look like? 21 foul < rank 03 musty > antiquated 22 02 > trite 23 02 24crude > ribald 04 vulgar 04 gross> ignorant 25 05 05 > individual 26 seeming 05 separate > detached 27 06 05 07 > autonomous 28 clear 08apparent 08 plain 08 distinct 09 10amenable 16 tractable > malleable 37 09 1011 09 29 low < open 12 prone 12 liable 12 sensitive >delicate 30 09 10 13 09frank supine 14 idle 14 inactive > lazy 31 transparent10 15 > latent 32 candid > fair 33 otiose > futile 35 > blunt 36 15 34 empty > foolish 42 banal 46 flat 42 45 42 smooth 40 simple 40 easy 43 41 advisable 44 politic comfortable 02 FLAGRANT glaring gross rank03 MALODOROUS stinking fetid fetid/fet��id/ (fe��tid) (fet��id) having a rank, disagreeable smell. fet��idadj.Having an offensive odor.fetidhaving a rank, disagreeable smell. noisome putrid putrid/pu��trid/ (pu��trid) rotten; putrefied. pu��tridadj.1. Decomposed; foul-smelling; rotten.2. Proceeding from, relating to, or exhibiting putrefaction. rank fusty musty04 COARSE obscene gross vulgar ribald05 COMMON plain ordinary familiar plain vulgar06 APPARENT illusory seeming ostensible07 DISTINCT separate discrete08 EVIDENT manifest patent distinct obvious apparent plainclear09 CLEAR transparent translucent limpid10 FRANK candid open plain11 RESPONSIBLE answerable accountable amenable liable12 LIABLE exposed open subject prone susceptible sensitive13 PRONE supine prostrate recumbent14 INACTIVE idle inert passive supine15 VAIN nugatory Having little meaning. A nugatory statement or command is one that provides little value and might just as well be omitted. See deprecate. otiose idle empty hollow16 OBEDIENT docile tractable tractableeasy to manage; tolerable. amenable40 EASY facile simple light effortless smooth41 COMFORTABLE cozy snug easy restful42 SIMPLE foolish silly fatuous asinine43 SUAVE urbane diplomatic bland smooth politic44 EXPEDIENT politic advisable45 LEVEL flat plain even smooth46 INSIPID vapid flat jejune je��june?adj.1. Not interesting; dull: "and there pour forth jejune words and useless empty phrases"Anthony Trollope.2. banal inane21 DIRTY filthy foul nasty squalid22 OLD ancient venerable antique antiquated archaic obsolete23 TRITE hackneyed stereotyped threadbare24 RUDE rough crude raw25 IGNORANT illiterate unlettered untutored unlearned26 SPECIAL especial specific particular individual27 INDIFFERENT unconcerned incurious in��cu��ri��ous?adj.Lacking intellectual inquisitiveness or natural curiosity; uninterested.in��cu alone detacheddisinterested28 FREE independent autonomous sovereign29 BASE low vile30 CHOICE exquisite elegant rare delicate dainty31 LAZY indolent slothful32 LATENT dormant quiescent potential33 FAIR just equitable impartial unbiased dispassionateobjective34 DULL blunt obtuse35 FUTILE vain fruitless36 BLUFF brunt brusque curt crusty gruff37 PLASTIC pliable pliant ductile malleable adaptableA. ROSS ECKLERMorristown, New Jersey Morristown is a town in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the town population was 18,544. Its estimated population in 2004 was 18,842. It is the county seat of Morris CountyGR6.
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