Substance abuse in adolescents.

Substance abuse in adolescents. Liddle, H. A., & Rowe, C. L. (2006). Adolescent substanceabuse. Research and clinical advances. Cambridge, UK: CambridgeUniversity Press Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP) is a publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534, and one of the two privileged presses (the other being Oxford University Press). . [Hardbound hard��bound?adj. & n.Hardcover.Adj. 1. hardbound - having a hard back or cover; "hardback books"hardback, hardbacked, hardcoverbacked - having a back or backing, usually of a specified type ; ISBN ISBNabbr.International Standard Book NumberISBNInternational Standard Book NumberISBNn abbr (= International Standard Book Number) → ISBN m# 0-521-82358-7; $120.00] In United States United States,officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. , substance use and abuse among adolescentpopulation accounts for significant morbidity and mortality Morbidity and Mortality can refer to: Morbidity & Mortality, a term used in medicine Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, a medical publication See alsoMorbidity, a medical term Mortality, a medical term (Schydlower,2002). Alcohol and tobacco are the usual drugs of choice amongadolescents, followed by marijuana, stimulants, hallucinogens andinhalants inhalants,n.pl 1. chemical vapors that are inhaled for their mind-altering effects.2. in herbology, volatile herbal compounds that are delivered by holding a soaked pad to the nose and mouth, by placing the herbs in steaming water, or (Brown, 2002). The purpose of this book is to provideinformation about the research and clinical advances pertaining tosubstance abuse in adolescents. The book is intended for practitioners,program planners, and policy makers. The book is organized into twenty two chapters in six parts. Thefirst chapter is on the overview of treating adolescent substance abusethat explains the layout of the book. The first part that follows thefirst chapter is about theoretical, empirical, and methodologicalfoundations for research into treatment of adolescent substance abuseand contains four chapters. The first chapter of part one is ondevelopmental context for adolescent substance abuse intervention. Thechapter identifies the risk factors and protective factors related toadolescent drug use and uses the family interactional theory.Implications for individual level treatment, family level treatment,group treatment, and community approaches are discussed. The secondchapter of part one discusses a latent variable In statistics, Latent variables (as opposed to observable variables), are variables that are not directly observed but are rather inferred (through a mathematical model) from other variables that are observed and directly measured. growth modelingframework. The third chapter of part one describes the clinical courseof youth following alcohol and drug treatment. The chapter discussesdifferences between adolescent and adult relapse patterns, and specialchallenges for youth treatment programs. The cognitive behavior modelbased on Marlatt and Gordon (1980) is presented as the process forrelapse for adolescents. Identification of factors that predict successfor adolescents following drug and alcohol treatment programs are animportant contribution of this chapter. The last chapter of part one isabout cannabis youth treatment intervention. Cannabis is an importantpsychoactive psychoactive/psy��cho��ac��tive/ (-ak��tiv) psychotropic. psy��cho��ac��tiveadj.Affecting the mind or mental processes. Used of a drug. compound used by adolescents (Hall & Babor, 2000). Thechapter discusses different treatments such as motivational enhancementtreatment, family support network, and multidimensional family therapyand seems authoritative in the area. The second part of the book is about practice and policy trendsrelated to treatment of adolescent substance abuse and is divided intofive chapters. The first chapter in the second part is aboutepidemiological trends of adolescent substance abuse in Europe. Dataabout prevalence of substance abuse in Europe and specific Europeancountries is presented. Up-to-date information is presented. The secondchapter in the second part is about adolescent drug abuse treatmentoutcome studies. Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP DARP Day(s)After Reporting PeriodDARP Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca (Department of Agriculture, Cattle Breeding and Fishing)DARP Downlink Advanced Receiver Performance ), Treatment OutcomePerspectives Study (TOPS), and Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies forAdolescents (DATOS-A) from United States are discussed. Such programsare important for dissemination of treatment protocols for grassrootsefforts. The third chapter in the second part is about the context ofadolescent treatment services. Systems of care, providers of care,financing mechanisms, technology transfer and quality issues arediscussed. The fourth chapter in the second part is about England anddescribes the legal framework and policy context and the pattern ofresources that identify how services respond to adolescents withsubstance abuse problem. Some useful lessons for the systems in Americaand elsewhere in the world have been discussed. The last chapter in thesecond part identifies key findings and highlights the gaps in existinghealth services research Health services research is the multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and personal behaviors affect access to health care, the quality and cost of health care, with drug abusing adolescents. The chapter isorganized around the key care components of health services research asidentified by Institute of Medicine (2001), namely, effective, patientcentered, timely, efficient, equitable, and redesigned. The third part is about comprehensive assessment and integrativetreatment planning In radiotherapy, Treatment Planning is the process in which a team consisting of radiation oncologists, medical radiation physicists and dosimetrists plan the appropriate external beam radiotherapy treatment technique for a patient with cancer. Typically, medical imaging (i.e. with adolescent substance abusers and is organizedinto four chapters. The first chapter in the third part provides anoverview of clinical best practices for assessing adolescent drug abuse.The chapter proposes a multidimensional model of screening andassessment that is relevant for problem identification, referral, andtreatment. The highlights of this chapter are the guidelines forsubstance abuse treatment placement starting from brief interventions(2-4 sessions) to low-intensive treatment (7-20 sessions) to intensivetreatment (more than 21 sessions). The second chapter in the third partpertains to psychopharmacology psychopharmacology(sī'kōfär'məkŏl`əjē), in its broadest sense, the study of all pharmacological agents that affect mental and emotional functions. of adolescents with substance abuseproblem. The current status of pharmacotherapy pharmacotherapy/phar��ma��co��ther��a��py/ (-ther��ah-pe) treatment of disease with medicines. phar��ma��co��ther��a��pyn.Treatment of disease through the use of drugs. , lessons from adultliterature, pharmacological treatment studies in adolescents,pharmacological treatment of comorbid conditions and future directionsfor research are discussed in this chapter. The third chapter in thethird part enhances understanding about clinical impact and treatmentimplications of comorbidity in adolescents with substance abuse problem.Developmental context of comorbid psychiatric disorders with substanceabuse, assessment issues, and clinical approach are discussed in detail.This chapter is useful both for practitioners and researchers. The lastchapter in the third part focuses on HIV HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus), either of two closely related retroviruses that invade T-helper lymphocytes and are responsible for AIDS. There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is responsible for the vast majority of AIDS in the United States. infection in adolescentsubstance abusers. It discusses patterns of HIV risk and substance abusein adolescents and different interventions at the individual level,small group level, family level, and community level. The fourth part is about empirically-tested interventions forsubstance abuse in adolescents and has five chapters. This section isclearly the backbone of the book. The first chapter in this part isaround the topic of therapeutic communities. Background, history,empirical basis, the prototypical adolescent therapeutic community, andmethodological, clinical, and policy issues with therapeutic communitiesare discussed in the chapter. The second chapter in the fourth part isabout school-based interventions and student assistance programs arediscussed. The third chapter in the fourth part is about behavioral andfamily interventions. The fourth chapter is about behavioral managementapproaches and discusses behavior analysis and principles of contingencymanagement For use in management theory, see Contingency theory.Contingency Management is a type of treatment used in the mental health or substance abuse fields. . The last chapter in the fourth part is aboutcognitive-behavioral therapies. The underlying theoretical models,evidence from randomized controlled trials, and applications forcomorbid conditions are discussed in this chapter. The fifth part of this book is about culturally-based interventionsfor adolescent substance abusers and has two chapters. The first chapteris about family centered treatment for American Indian American Indianor Native American or Amerindian or indigenous AmericanAny member of the various aboriginal peoples of the Western Hemisphere, with the exception of the Eskimos (Inuit) and the Aleuts. adolescentsubstance abuse. The American Indian communities are described alongwith family-centered intervention and results from evaluation. Thesecond and last chapter in this section is about family-based treatmentin Hispanic adolescents. The emphasis on cultural competence cultural competenceSocial medicine The ability to understand, appreciate, and interact with persons from cultures and/or belief systems other than one's own is thehighlight of this chapter. The sixth and final part has only one chapter and focuses on thefuture. The chapter points at the need to decrease the gap betweenresearch and practice, the need to disseminate research findings,enhance access to evidence-based approaches, expand the role of juvenilejustice system, and confront the challenges posed by HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome epidemic. The book is a valuable resource for practitioners, researchers, andpolicy makers in the area of substance abuse particularly those workingwith adolescents. It is also useful for graduate students in health,education, social work, counseling, addictive behaviors, sociology andpsychology who are studying treatment aspects of substance abuse. Thebook has been written by several contributors which add to the flavor ofthe book. On the whole, this monograph will serve as an important bookin this area. REFERENCES Brown, R. T. (2002). Risk factors for substance abuse inadolescents. Pediatric pediatric/pe��di��at��ric/ (pe?de-at��rik) pertaining to the health of children. pe��di��at��ricadj.Of or relating to pediatrics. Clinics of North America, 49 (2), 247-255. Hall, W., & Babor. T.F. (2000). Cannabis uses and publichealth: assessing the burden, Addiction, 95, 485-490. Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A newhealth system for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National AcademyPress. Marlatt, G.A., & Gordon, J. R. (1980). Determinants of relapse:Implications for the maintenance of behavior change. In P. Davidson,& S.M. Davidson (eds.), Behavioral medicine behavioral medicinen.The application of behavior therapy techniques, such as biofeedback and relaxation training, to the prevention and treatment of medical and psychosomatic disorders and to the treatment of undesirable behaviors, such as overeating. : Changing healthlifestyles (pp. 410-452). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon. Schydlower, M. (2006). Adolescent substance use and abuse: Currentissues. Texas Medicine, 98(2), 31-35. Review by Manoj Sharma, University of Cincinnati The University of Cincinnati is a coeducational public research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Ranked as one of America’s top 25 public research universities and in the top 50 of all American research universities,[2]