Among the New Books.

Among the New Books. The environment Environmental archaeology (details below) considers the `profoundfracture ... between archaeologists dealing with the artefactual adj. 1. of or pertaining to an artefact.2. made by human actions.Adj. 1. artefactual - of or relating to artifactsartifactual evidence and those engaged in the study of biological and geologicalremains' (p. 4). The editor opens by assessing several reasons forthe division, including the distractions of `post-processualism'and the organization of teaching in universities. There follow 13 veryinteresting discussions from various points of view, some addressingeach other helpfully, including S. Roskams & T. Saunders piling inwith marxism against post-processualism, T. O'Connor exchangingwith the offer of an anthropological approach from Y. Hamilakis, and G.Hughes, A. Hammon, R. Roseff and P. Graves-Brown on the situation offieldwork for rural and urban development. Then there are seven sets ofcase studies (and commentaries) from around the world, including R.Shiel on `using religious belief to derive environmentalinformation'. G. Barker rounds off the proceedings with reflectionson the issues. They are, indeed, very substantial; but they cannot beresolved without a clearer notion of what all the archaeology is foranyway. Dr Hamilakis was sniffing about in the right direction; but ayet broader view of the `data' is needed. The solution could,indeed, come from university: archaeology needs to be taught as ascience directed by anthropological agendas. UMBERTO ALBARELLA (ed.). Environmental archaeology: meaning andpurpose, x+324 pages, 34 figures, 3 tables. 2001. Dordrecht: KluwerAcademic; 0-7923-6763-4 hardback 80 [pounds sterling], 118 [EuropeanDollar] & US$125. SING C. CHEW. World ecological degradation: accumulation,urbanization, and deforestation deforestationProcess of clearing forests. Rates of deforestation are particularly high in the tropics, where the poor quality of the soil has led to the practice of routine clear-cutting to make new soil available for agricultural use. , 3000 BC-AD 2000. ix+217 pages, 12figures, 4 tables. 2001. Walnut Creek Walnut Creek,residential city (1990 pop. 60,569), Contra Costa co., W Calif., in the San Francisco Bay area; inc. 1914. It is the trade and shipping center of an extensive agricultural area where walnuts are among the major product. (CA): Altamira; 0-7591-0030-6hardback $62,0-7591-0031-4 paperback $24.95. Mr CHEW recounts how regions of the world have been undone in sixages: that of Mesopotamia and Harappa; that of the Minoans andMycenaeans (described at some relative length) and then those ofClassical Greece and (exploiters, he explains, but also restorers) theRomans; the turns of China and Southeast Asia and of western Europe, AD500-1800; and then, `Europe at the helm', during the last twocenturies. He concludes with a chapter on `ecological consciousness andsocial movements' since 2700 BC. Plenty of references are providedbut -- small wonder -- the story is very compressed. Following theMycenaean period, for instance, `pottery styles became austere, unlikethe decadent style of the prior era ... The lack of intense firingsuggests ... dwindling energy supplies. As recovery proceeded ... wefind the plain ... designs giving way to images depicting animals andhumans' (p. 60). DAVID W. WOLFE David W. Wolfe (born October 11, 1942) is an American Republican Party politician, who has served in the New Jersey General Assembly since 1992, where he represents the 10th legislative district. . Tales from the underground: a natural history ofsubterranean life. xi+221 pages, 32 figures. 2001. Cambridge (MA):Perseus; 0-7382-0128-6 hardback $26. Every archaeologist -- and everyone else -- will enjoy DrWOLFE'S fascinating and very readable account of the life, thephysics and the chemistry of soil and of the history of research and ofhuman abuse. There are nearly a billion bacteria per gramme GRAMME. A French weight. The gramme is the weight of a cubic centimetre of distilled water, at the temperature of zero. It is equal to 15.4441 grains troy, or 5.6481 drachms avoirdupois. Vide. Measure. of earthnear the surface of (temperate, presumably pre��sum��a��ble?adj.That can be presumed or taken for granted; reasonable as a supposition: presumable causes of the disaster. ) soil! Congratulations toPerseus on such a thoroughly enlightening, well-designed and well-boundlittle book; and see their The dragon seekers (`Note too', below). Middle & Near East RAINER MICHAEL BOEHMER. Uruk: fruheste Siegelabrollungen(Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka Endberichte 24). xii+319 pages, 159 figures,2 tables. 1999. Mainz: Phillip yon Zabern; 3-8053-1901-0 hardback DM198& 101.24 [European Dollar]. Prof. BOEHMER reports on the earliest cylinder seals and sealingsrecovered in the great long-running German excavations at Uruk (Warka).First, the finds from the Eanna temple complex are described, inhistorical groups (Uruk V, IVb, IVa) with attention to contexts and tothe respective pictorial themes. Then the finds from the Anu Ziggurat ziggurat(zĭg`răt), form of temple common to the Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians. The earliest examples date from the end of the 3d millenium B.C. are described and, thirdly, those in the collection found west of theRiemchen Building. The seal identified as the earliest is unstratified un��strat��i��fied?adj.Lacking definite layers: unstratified rock.Adj. 1. unstratified - not deposited in layers; "glacial till is unstratified" .Prof. BOEHMER discusses the associations of the seals and sealings withother sites in greater Mesopotamia and beyond. Six indexes of the findsare provided. Large photographs and drawings are appended. The reporthas been produced to the most magnificent standards in every way. HARRIET CRAWFORD. Early Dilmun seals from Saar: art and commerce inBronze Age Bahrain. 111 pages, colour & b&w figures, 4 tables.2001. Stoke St Milborough: Archaeology International; 0-9539561-0-5hardback. PAUL YULE & GERD GERDgastroesophageal reflux disease. GERDabbr.gastroesophageal reflux diseaseGERDWEISGERBER. The metal hoard from `Ibri/Selme,Sultanate of Oman (Prahistorische Bronzefunde 20:7). x+160 pages, 28figures, 9 tables, 51 plates. 2001. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner;3-515-07153-9 hardback DM138.66 & SFr119.40 & Sch1014 & 71[European Dollar]. The first publication from Robert Killick kil��lickalso kil��lock ?n.A small anchor, especially one made of a stone in a wooden frame.[Origin unknown.] & Jane Moon atArchaeology International is a most elegant and generously designedproduction on the early seals from their site on Bahrain. DrCRAWFORD'S classification and stylistic and functional analysis ofthe corpus and of the provenances is accompanied by a systematicallyannotated catalogue illustrated with colour photographs and analyticdrawings. She remarks that the islanders drew on various culturalinfluences. A hoard of bronze and stone vessels and bronze bangles, tools andweapons is reported by Drs YULE & WEISGERBER. They are thought todate from the Early Iron Age and to have been looted from a cemetery inantiquity. That the bronze vessels were flattened out suggests that theywere robbed in order to be melted down. The report is a painstakingdescription of the finds, including drawings, and of chemical analysisof samples of the bronzes. The hoard is of special importance for aregion where archaeological research is only now finding its feet; manyof the tools are of types not recorded before. The report has beenproduced to the usual impeccable standard of the PrahistorischeBronzefunde series. MARC LEBEAU & ANTOINE SULEIMAN (ed.). Tell Beydar, threeseasons of excavations (1992-1994): a preliminary report. (EuropeanCentre for Mesopotamian Studies.) 243 pages, plates, figures &tables. 1997. Turnhout: Brepols; 2-503-50584-8 paperback BEF BEFThe ISO 4217 currency code for Belgian Franc. 2200. Messrs LEBEAU & SULEIMAN introduce 19 detailed reports onstratigraphy stratigraphy,branch of geology specifically concerned with the arrangement of layered rocks (see stratification). Stratigraphy is based on the law of superposition, which states that in a normal sequence of rock layers the youngest is on top and the oldest on the , pottery and other finds from Tell Beydar, in northernSyria, which was occupied from the `Ubaid period to the end of the 1stmillennium BC. Most of the attention is devoted to the 3rd millenniumand the late 1st. The articles are in French, English and German. JEAN BOTTERO with ANDRE FINET, BERTRAND LAFONT & GEORGES ROUX Roux, Pierre Paul ��mile 1853-1933.French bacteriologist. His work with the diphtheria bacillus led to the development of antitoxins to neutralize pathogenic toxins. (tr. Antonia Nevill). Everyday life in ancient Mesopotamia. xii+276pages, 1 map. 2001. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh University Press is a university publisher that is part of the University of Edinburgh in Edinburgh, Scotland. External linksEdinburgh University Press ; 0-7486-1387-0hardback & 0-7486-1388-9 paperback 45 [pounds sterling] & 16.95[pounds sterling]. JEAN BOTTERO (tr. Teresa Lavender Fagan). Religion in ancientMesopotamia. xiii+246 pages, 2 figures. 2001. Chicago: University ofChicago Press The University of Chicago Press is the largest university press in the United States. It is operated by the University of Chicago and publishes a wide variety of academic titles, including The Chicago Manual of Style, dozens of academic journals, including ; 0-226-06717-3 hardback $30 & 19 [pounds sterling]. GWENDOLYN LEICK. Mesopotamia: the invention of the city. xxii+360pages, 44 figures. 2001. London: Allen Lane; 0-713-99198-4 hardback 25[pounds sterling]. Prof. BOTTERO's two books are intended for the general reader.The 15 agreeable introductory essays on Everyday life cover the originof Sumer and the Royal cemetery at Ur, food, drink and cooking (cf Foodin `Romans', below), `Love and sex in Babylon', women'slife in the Akkadian period and the legend of Semiramis (see too thefollowing pair of titles), healing, astrology, and trial by ordeal, andmythology. In his other book, Prof. BOTTERO discusses religion ingeneral, the historical background in Mesopotamia, and the sources,before considering the concepts and devoting two long chapters torepresentation and mythology and to cults and rites. He goes on toconsider Mesopotamian influences on later religions. Religion shares thefirst book's humane spirit but is more coherent, thanks to itsfocus. See too the following section. The aptly subtitled invention of the city is a conceptually andacademically rounded and most readable (and witty) introduction to thearchaeology and histories often cities from Eridu to Nineveh andBabylon, including `Akkad'. Full references (English, German,French, Italian) are provided in the endnotes. It is substantial yetmanageable, a really satisfying book useful for teachers as well as thegeneral reader. ZAINAB BAHRANI. Women of Babylon: gender and representation inMesopotamia. xii+212 pages, 44 figures. 2001. London: Routledge;0-415-21830-6 hardback 45 [pounds sterling] & $67.50. BETTY DE SHONG MEADOR. Inanna, lady of largest heart: poems of thehigh priestess, Enheduanna. xix+225 pages, 23 figures. 2000. Austin(TX): University of Texas Press; 0-292-77692-6 hardback 28.50 [poundssterling], 0-292-77693-4 paperback 16.50 [pounds sterling]. Dr BAHRANI's review is largely art historical but she is wellgrounded in the literature on Sumer and Assyria. It ranges broadly fromCatal Huyuk to the Hellenistic period. Postmodernist and feministinspiration lead her to assess `difference', `metaphorics',and `object of desire' before homing in on `patronage, portraiture,identity'. She concludes on `Ishtar ... embodiment of tropes'and on `orientalist imagination' in 19th-century Europe. Ms MEADORreads the poetry of Enheduanna of Ur as meditations on the potentials offemininity. The first part of the book sets the scene in the Akkadianperiod and the second is devoted to analysis of the poetry. Ms MEADORsuggests that Enheduanna `records the birth of individualconsciousness' (p. 79). RICHARD P. HARPER & DENYS PRINGLE with ANTHONY GREY &ROBERT WILL. Belmont Castle: the excavation of a Crusader stronghold inthe Kingdom of Jerusalem (British Academy Monograph in Archaeology 19).261 pages, 81 figures, 60 plates. 2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press;0-19-727009-3 hardback 60 [pounds sterling]. Excavation documented the conversion of Belmont from a fortified fortified (fôrt´fīd),adj containing additives more potent than the principal ingredient. manor of the early 12th century to a castle a generation later. Seizedand destroyed by the Saracens within 50 years, the site was lateroccupied by a village until 1948. The core of the detailed, thorough andsystematic report is the summary of the site's development; and itis accompanied by 10 sections on finds (including a long one on claypipes of the 17th to 20th centuries). Prof. PRINGLE sums up and analysesthe architectural sequence, and compares other castles in the region.The design is clear and helpful. The book has been finely produced. Seealso `Franks and Crusaders' on pp. XXX and Carisbrooke Castle in`Britain', below. Religion in Egypt Religion in Egypt permeates many aspects of social life and is endorsed by law. Egypt is predominantly Muslim, with Muslims comprising about 80-90% of the population.[1] Almost the entirety of Egypt's Muslims are Sunnis. JAN ASSMANN. The search for God in ancient Egypt (tr. David David, in the BibleDavid,d. c.970 B.C., king of ancient Israel (c.1010–970 B.C.), successor of Saul. The Book of First Samuel introduces him as the youngest of eight sons who is anointed king by Samuel to replace Saul, who had been deemed a failure. Lorton). xii+275 pages, 13 figures. 2001. Ithaca (NY): CornellUniversity Press; 0-8014-3786-5 hardback 29.50 [pounds sterling] &$45,0-8014-8729-3 paperback 12.95 [pounds sterling] & $19.95. STEPHEN QUIRKE. The cult of Ra: sun-worship in ancient Egypt. 184pages, 97 figures, 1 table. 2001. London: Thames & Hudson;0-500-05107-0 hardback 318.95. CHRISTIAN CANNUYER. Coptic Egypt: the Christians of the Nile (tr.Sophie Hawkes). 144 pages, colour & b&w illustrations. 2001.London: Thames & Hudson; 0-500-30104-2 paperback 6.95 [poundssterling]. What, for the ancient Egyptians, was the nature of the world'sgoverning spirits? Was it intrinsic in the world or did `the gods'operate in a distinct domain to be reached by worship? With the evidenceof ancient texts, Prof. ASSMANN considers Egyptian theology,`implicit' and `explicit', polytheism polytheism(pŏl`ēthēĭzəm), belief in a plurality of gods in which each deity is distinguished by special functions. The gods are particularly synonymous with function in the Vedic religion (see Vedas) of India: Indra is the , cosmology, and cultsand rites. The last chapter assesses the conceptual innovations underPharaoh Akhenaten. Plenty of texts are provided to illustrate thearguments. This deep, analytic book is of the greatest interest not onlyfor specialists in matters Egyptian but also for comparative studies. Writing firmly and lucidly for the more general reader, Dr QUIRKEaddresses some of the same questions but with less concern for theologyas such, and more for the role of kings. The principles of theSun's cosmic work are explained by reference to myths, hymns(drawing on Prof. Assmann's research) and rites, and the monuments,especially the fragmentary remains of Iunu (Heliopolis). The lastchapter discusses Akhenaten. The cult of Ra draws a great range ofinformation together to demonstrate a coherent theme which provides akey to understanding much of ancient Egyptian thought. The emphasis onkingship is an effective conceptual `handle' but Dr QUIRKE warnsthe reader that experience of and assumptions about the modern world arehindrances that have to be controlled for. Egypt's was `a solarsystem different from our own and yet the same' (p. 16). This is avery satisfying book. Coptic Egypt is another of the series of hectic little bookstranslated from Gallimard's list. The book serves as a generalintroduction. Like several of the others in the series, the format isfrustrating for so vivid and fascinating a subject. The pictorialtreatment emphasizes the arts but the text does some justice too to thehistory. The heritage of ancient Egypt is assessed; and so, briefly, isthe plight of the Copts today. See also the review of The cosmos on p. 654, below. Aegean CAROLE GILLIS, CHRISTINA RISBERG & BIRGITTA SJOBERG (ed.).Trade and production in premonetary Greece -- acquisition anddistribution of raw materials and finished products: proceedings of the6th international workshop, Athens 1996. 120 pages, 11 figures, 8tables. 2000. Jonsered: Paul Astrom; 91-7081-196-2 paperback Kr250. TRACEY CULLEN (ed.). Aegean prehistory prehistory,period of human evolution before writing was invented and records kept. The term was coined by Daniel Wilson in 1851. It is followed by protohistory, the period for which we have some records but must still rely largely on archaeological evidence to : a review (American Journalof Archaeology Supplement 1). xvii+506 pages, 112 figures, 8 tables.2001. Boston (MA): Archaeological Institute of America The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) is a North American nonprofit organization devoted to the promotion of public interest in archaeology, and the preservation of archaeological sites. It is based at Boston University. ; 0-9609042-4-7hardback $59.95,0-9609042-5-5 paperback $32.95. GILLIS et al. introduce five papers covering: Neolithic obsidian;Linear B evidence for `Craft production at Knossos' and, moreparticularly, for textile production there, analogies from the Near& Middle East for Bronze Age metallurgy, and Mycenaean lead. DrCULLEN introduces papers originally published as `Review of Aegeanprehistory' I-VII in the American Journal of Archaeology (1992-98),each now provided with an addendum. CHRISTOPHER MEE MEE Middle Ear EffusionMEE Multistate Essay Exam (National Conference of Bar Examiners)MEE Migration-Enhanced EpitaxyMEE Master of Electrical EngineeringMEE Mise En Etat (French)& ANTONY SPAWFORTH. Greece: an Oxfordarchaeological guide, xvi+464 pages, 182 figures, 1 table. 2001. Oxford:Oxford University Press; 0-19-288058-6 paperback 14.99 [poundssterling]. FRANCOIS HARTOG. Memoirs of Odysseus: frontier tales from ancientGreece (tr. Janet Lloyd). xiv+258 pages. 2001. Edinburgh: EdinburghUniversity Press; 0-7486-1448-6 hardback 50 [pounds sterling],0-7486-1447-8 paperback 16.99 [pounds sterling]. The latest of Oxford's new series of elegant guide books toreach us is Greece. It is very informative on generalities andbackground as well as specific features, including helpful guidance on`getting there' and `walking about'. Most of the plans are aptbut some of the photographs poor. Dr HARTOG assesses the remarks and theconventions of voyagers and armchair travellers about the Aegean andcentral Mediterranean, Egypt and the Middle East from Homer to Herodotusto Polybius, Strabo and Apollonius of Tyana Apollonius of Tyana,fl. 1st cent. A.D., Greek philosopher, b. Tyana, Cappadocia. A philosopher of the Neo-Pythagorean school, he traveled widely and became famous for his wisdom and reputed magical powers. . Helpful background on theseand all other matters of the history and formal culture is provided bythe following title, now reissued. JOHN BOARDMAN, JASPER GRIFFIN & OSWYN MURRAY (ed.). The Oxfordhistory of Greece This article covers the Greek civilization. For the Greek language as a whole, see Greek language. For the Classical Greek language, see Ancient Greek.The History of Greece and the Hellenistic world, viii+520 pages, 22 figures,tables. 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 0-19-2801376 paperback9.99 [pounds sterling]. Romans JON COULSTON & HAZEL DODGE (ed.). Ancient Rome: the archaeologyof the Eternal City (Oxford University School of Archaeology Monograph54). xi+408 pages, 177 figures, 4 tables. 2000. Oxford: OxfordUniversity School of Archaeology; 0-947816-55-0 paperback 19.95 [poundssterling]. Ancient Rome is intended to review the extensive recent andcontinuing archaeological and topographic research in the city. Itcomprises 13 papers by British, Irish and US scholars. They cover: thecity's early development and its late decay; the rhetoric of themonuments during the reign of Augustus; the army; the building industry;provisioning and water supply (D. Mattingly, G. Aldrete and H. DODGE);entertainment (see the previous title); `houses and tombs' (J.Patterson); and religion. Aptly included is an essay on developmentfollowing unification of Italy in 1870. Notes are provided too on`sources for ... study' and there is a long Research Bibliography.This stimulating book will serve anglophone scholars usefully until thenew round of more substantial publications eventually lumbers off thepresses. Compare London in `Britain', below. ANN OLGA OLGA - Ouf! un Langage pour les Grammaires Attribuees.Inria, 1985. Language for specification of attribute grammars, used as the input language of the compiler writing system FNC-2. Applicative, strongly typed, polymorphic, pattern-matching, modules. KOLOSKI-OSTROW (ed.). Water use and hydraulics in theRoman city (Archaeological Institute of America Colloquia col��lo��qui��a?n.A plural of colloquium. &Conference Papers 3). xi+131 pages, 59 figures, 2 tables. 2001. Dubuque(IA): Kendall/Hunt; 0-7872-7690-1 paperback $46. Symbolism, geology and technology of Water for Roman cities andvillas are covered in seven learned, very informative but concisechapters including both general reviews and case studies (on Pompeiitwo, Athens, Sicily, Africa). The authors conclude with broad but welldefined recommendations for further empirical research. The photographsare poor. JOHN PEARCE, MARTIN MILLETT & MANUELA STRUCK (ed.). Burial,society and context in the Roman world. xxiv+272 pages, 175 figures, 12tables. 2000. Oxford: Oxbow; 1-84217-034-1 paperback 35 [poundssterling]. Dr PEARCE et al. present 27 empirical papers plus a generalintroduction (PEARCE), brief thematic introductions, and a critical`afterword' by R. Reece. The papers are grouped: rites (including apaper on the Late Iron Age in north-west Europe); social status;topographic settings; ethnicity in Cologne and the danubian region; anda miscellany on the late period in Britain and Italy. Half of them areon the north-western provinces. Abstracts are provided in English,French and German. ALISON FUTRELL. Blood in the arena: the spectacle of Roman power,xiii+338 pages, 36 figures, 9 tables. 2000. Austin (TX): University ofTexas Press; 0-292-72523-X paperback 17.95 [pounds sterling] SIMON Simon,in the Bible.1 One of the Maccabees.2 or Simon Peter: see Peter, Saint.3 See Simon, Saint.4 Kinsman of Jesus.5 Leper of Bethany in whose house a woman anointed Jesus' feet. KEAY & NICOLA TERRENATO (ed.). Italy and the West:comparative issues in romanization. xiii+233 pages, 44 figures. 2001.Oxford: Oxbow; 1-84217-042-2 paperback 24 [pounds sterling]. GWYN DAVIES, ANDREW GARDNER & KRIS LOCKYEAR (ed.). TRAC TRAC - Text Reckoning And Compiling 2000:proceedings of the tenth annual Theoretical Roman ArchaeologyConference, London, 2000. vi+168 pages, 36 figures, 11 tables. 2001.Oxford: Oxbow; 1-84217-043-0 paperback 18 [pounds sterling]. Blood in the arena, first published in 1997, is a fascinating studyof amphitheatres. The thesis is familiar, that display of power wasvital for integrating the Roman world; but what is so gratifying andexciting here is the well written analytic sweep across the literary andarchaeological sources for both Rome and the provinces and alsocomparative studies from Carthage and Dahomey, Ur and Anyang, to theAztecs (with whom more could have been made about the `elitestrategy' for acculturation acculturation,culture changes resulting from contact among various societies over time. Contact may have distinct results, such as the borrowing of certain traits by one culture from another, or the relative fusion of separate cultures. ). Dr FUTRELL puzzles over thedistribution of the amphitheatres. Italy and the West comprises eight papers and an introduction andconclusions on Italy, six and an introduction on the provinces, and twoassessments of the proceedings, including S.E. Alcock (converging withJ.P. Vallat's remarks about the papers on Italy) on Roman cultural`hegemony'. The coverage is refreshing: six Italians contribute onItaly; two papers on Spain, one on Leptis Magna, and one on diet (A.King). This sane collection is distinguished by alertness to thesociology of culture Sociology of culture, or cultural sociology, is one of the most popular fields of sociology, particularly in the United States. Cultural sociology is a methodology that incorporates cultural analysis into interpretations of social life. change -- to who took part and who, perhaps, didnot. DAVIES et al. present two papers on museum presentation and one onhistoriography, seven on ancient symbolism (including M. Aldhouse Greenon iconography of antlers) and cultural identity (note G. Hawkes on`foodways' at Dragonby), and three on cemeteries (including J.Pearce appraising L. Watts's proposition that Christian cemeteriesinclude higher proportions of infants). The emphasis is mostly onBritain. JOAN P. ALCOCK. Food in Roman Britain. 192 pages, 101 figures, 27colour plates. 2001. Stroud & Charleston (SC): Tempus; 0-7524-1924-2paperback 16.99 [pounds sterling] & $27.99. Following a short chapter on evidence, Dr ALCOCK assesses thevarieties of food and drink and then describes kitchens and diningrooms. There is a chapter on shopping. She ends with two on diet andnutrition. This is a clear introduction but it does not do justice tothe social anthropology of food (cf DAVIES et al. and, in `MiddleEast', above, Everyday life; and see BOUVIER Bouvier refers to several things: Bouvier (grape) is a grape variety grown in Austria and Hungary. Bouvier des Flandres and Bouvier Bernois are breeds of dogs. Bouvier's Law Dictionary Bouvier in `Note too',below). WILLIAM MANNING. Roman Wales. x+129 pages, figures, colourphotographs. 2001. Cardiff: University of Wales Affiliated institutionsCardiff University Cardiff was once a full member of the University but has now left (though it retains some ties). When Cardiff left, it merged with the University of Wales College of Medicine (which was also a former member). Press & WesternMail; 0-7083-1675-1 paperback 6.99 [pounds sterling]. Roman Wales describes itself as a guide book. It is compact but,otherwise, that description is misleading. It is a good, systematicreview for the general reader of the history and archaeology. GUY DE LA BEDOYERE. Eagles over Britannia: the Roman army inBritain. 256 pages, 126 figures, 32 colour plates. 2001. Stroud &Charleston (SC): Tempus; 0-7524-193-4 hardback 25 [pounds sterling]& US$37.50. TONY WILMOTT. Birdoswald Roman fort: 1800 years on Hadrian'sWall. 191 pages, 89 figures, 26 colour plates. 2001. Stroud &Charleston (SC): Tempus; 0-7524-1913-7 paperback 17.99 [pounds sterling& $29.99. Eagles is a comprehensive, systematic and detailed review of theprovince's military archaeology, covering its history and theprinciples of organization and recruitment. It shows both theintegration of the armies in Britain with the Continental forces and thedistinctively British features. There is less sense of Roman culturalstrategy than in Burial, blood, Italy and the west, or TRAC 2000.Indeed, with an eye to the cash economy, Mr DE LA BEDOYERE suggests`that the induction of Roman culture was a consequence of militaryaction and colonisation' (p. 227). Even if so, he is wrong to citethe Spanish conquests of the Americas as another instance of militaryskill -- disease was the conqueror there. Birdoswald concentrates on the Roman archaeology but considers thefort's subsequent fate and adaptions of the fabric and the siteinto the Modern period, including archaeological research -- a good ideacarried out succinctly and effectively. `Its story will continue'(p. 180). See too Plundering, in the next section. See too GILLIVER in `Paperback editions', below. PAT SOUTHERN. Julius Caesar. 160 pages, 35 figures. 2001. Stroud& Charleston (SC): Tempus; 0-7524-1443-7 hardback 17.99 [poundssterling] & $29.99. Ms SOUTHERN'S thorough review of a familiar story is athoughtful assessement of the man, an `expert psychologist andmanipulator' (p. 101). Her style is delightfully approachable: leanand lucid, witty and pacy; Caesar's shade must approve. JEREMY KNIGHT. Roman France: an archaeological field guide. 224pages, 55 figures. 2001. Stroud & Charleston (SC): Tempus;0-7524-1919-4 paperback 17.99 [pounds sterling] & $29.99. Following an introduction to the history, architecture and ruralarchaeology, Roman France describes monuments in 13 regions. The sitesare grouped sensibly by districts. The content is scholarly but,covering both history and field archaeology, the presentation is denseand the design uninviting, with surprisingly few plans. DAVID CHERRY (ed.). The Roman world: a source book. x+268 pages, 10figures, 2 plates. 2001. Malden (MA) & Oxford: Blackwell;0-631-21783-5 hardback 55 [pounds sterling] & $64.95, 0-631-21784-3paperback 15.99 [pounds sterling] & $29.95. The Roman world comprises 57 annotated excerpts from the XII Tablesto Juvenal and the Theodosian Code Theodosian Code(thē'ədō`shən), Latin Codex Theodosianus, Roman legal code, issued in 438 by Theodosius II, emperor of the East. It was at once adopted by Valentinian III, emperor of the West. , Plutarch to Anon. on family ethics,Columella Columella(Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella) (kŏl'yəmĕl`ə), fl. 1st cent. A.D., Latin writer on agriculture, b. Gades (now Cádiz), Spain. et al. on the ecomony, Celsus et al. on science, Caesar,Tacitus, Cicero, Vegetius et al. on government, Rome, the army and theprovinces, and selections from Apuleius to Eusebius on religiousidentities. Britain IAN FISHER. Early medieval sculpture in the west highlands &islands, xiv+178 pages, figures. 2001. Edinburgh: Royal Commission onthe Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) is an executive non-departmental public body financed by the Scottish Parliament through the Architecture Policy Unit of the Tourism, Culture and Sport Group of the Education Department of the & Society ofAntiquaries of Scotland The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is the senior antiquarian body in Scotland, with its headquarters, collections, archive, and lecture theatre in the Royal Museum, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. The Society plays an important role in the cultural life and heritage of Scotland. ; 0-903903-30-X hardback 20 [pounds sterling]. Early medieval sculpture lists about 460 carvings from the westernhighlands of Scotland, the islands of the Firth of Clyde Noun 1. Firth of Clyde - a firth on the southwestern coast of Scotland emptying into the North ChannelScotland - one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great , and theHebrides (and all the way out to St Kilda and North Rona). It includesan abbreviated but up-dated version of the inventory of approximately300 carved stones published earlier in the volumes on Argyllshire by theRoyal Commission on the Ancient & Historical Monuments of Scotland,and now adding eight new finds from that district. The gazetteers areannotated systematically and in great detail. The accompanying drawingsand photographs are excellent, although some of the photographs of thelandscape settings are poorly reproduced. Most of the sculptures date from the early Christian period. Theyinclude `Pictish' art and ogham ogham,ogam,or ogum(all: ŏg`əm, ō`əm), ancient Celtic alphabet of one of the Irish runic languages. inscriptions. The substantialintroduction explains the institutional context and its history andassesses classification of the carvings, the chronology of them,iconography and cultural associations. It reviews the history ofresearch and considers problems of preservation. Accompanying it arefine drawings to serve comparison. Early medieval sculpture is Monograph 1 of a series to be producedjointly by the Antiquaries of Scotland and the Royal Commission. Up tothe best of old fashioned standards, it augurs very well for more. C.J. YOUNG. Excavations at Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight Noun 1. Isle of Wight - an isle and county of southern England in the English ChannelWightcounty - (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government; "the county has a population of 12,345 people" ,1921-1996 (Wessex Archaeology Report no. 18). xii+231 pages, 68 figures,36 tables, 55 plates. 2000. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology; 1-874350-27-2(ISSN ISSNabbr.International Standard Serial Number 0965-5778) paperback 21.50 [pounds sterling]. The report on Carisbrooke Castle shows that it was built in twophases during the Norman period, took most of its present form in the13th century, and remained in use up to the Stuart period. The site wasfirst used as a cemetery in the Saxon period. The report reveals thetopographic development of the defences. The finds of iron included manyfragments of military equipment. Although the castle was associated witharistocrats, the pottery assemblages recovered were modest; and that hasprovided a view of the Isle's own culture. The report has beenproduced to a high standard. It is provided with summaries in French,German and Spanish. See too Belmont Castle in `Middle East', above,`Franks and Crusaders' on pp. 635-9, below, and the review of HenDomen on p. 650. IAN IAN Interactive Affiliate NetworkIAN i am nothingIAN Instrumentation & Automation NewsIAN Ianuarius (Latin: January)IAN Instituto Agronomico Nacional (Paraguay)IAN Incident Area Network HAYNES, HARVEY SHELDON & LESLEY HANNIGAN (ed.). Londonunder ground: the archaeology of a city. vii+327 pages, 75 figure, 6tables. 2000. Oxford: Oxbow; 1-84217-030-9 hardback 35 [poundssterling]. London underground appraises technical and conceptual results ofresearch in connection with redevelopment in and immediately around thecapital between 1972 and 1997. Messrs SHELDON & HAYNES introduce 15papers covering historical periods, localities, and substantive andmethodological themes. An appendix lists excavations, publications andnotable events. Replete with long bibliographies, this book is atechnical work but it is an effective and timely reminder of the publicvalue of investment in the archaeology of the city and the landscapeswhich it has covered. Compare Ancient Rome in `Romans', above. ALAN ABERG & CARENZA LEWIS (ed.). The rising tide: archaeologyand coastal landscapes, iv+122 pages, 60 figures, 4 tables. 2000.Oxford: Oxbow; 1-84217-028-7 paperback 25 [pounds sterling]. FRANCIS PRYOR. Seahenge: new discoveries in prehistoric Britain.xxviii+337 pages, 28 figures, 1 table, 50 b&w photographs. 2001.London: Harper Collins; 0-00-710191-0 hardback 19.99 [pounds sterling]. ABERC & LEWIS introduce seven topical reports on work alongcoasts in England, three on Scotland, one on Strangford Lough, one onSaxony Saxony(săk`sənē), Ger. Sachsen, Fr. Saxe, state (1994 pop. 4,901,000), 7,078 sq mi (18,337 sq km), E central Germany. Dresden is the capital. , and one on work by the National Trust. The reports are diversebut succinct and generally well illustrated. The editors argue that`regional cooperation' between the various organizations concernedis `the only logical approach' (p. 3). They point out that publicinterest in the recent discovery of `Seahenge' shows how importantit is to monitor changing shores. Seahenge is a personable account, forthe general reader, by one of the archaeologists most closely involved,of the fraught and very controversial process of investigation there.Along the way, he takes the opportunity to explain a lot about Britishprehistory and the nature of archaeological investigation. He remarkscaustically on `mystical memory and emotional osmosis' (p. 316) butpoints out that archaeologists must take account of lay interest. Hisbook shows one way to do that. C.R. WICKHAM-JONES. The landscape of Scotland: a hidden history.255 pages, figures, 33 colour plates. 2001. Stroud & Charleston(SC): Tempus; 0-7524-1484-4 paperback 16.99 [pounds sterling] &$27.99. THOMAS REES & CORALIE MILLS. Bracken and archaeology (TechnicalAdvice Note 17). vi+36 pages, 27 figures, 2 tables. 1999. Edinburgh:Historic Scotland; 1-900168-618 paperback 5 [pounds sterling plusp&p 1.25 [pounds sterling]. Another and innovative method is Ms WICKHAM-JONES' short andvery effectively illustrated descriptions of scores of sites fromMesolithic middens to Roman roads, industrial sites, and the Germanfleet at Scapa Flow. She presents seven themes from farming to ritual.She also explains the work of the Scottish National Monuments Record andwhy it is that we are concerned to manage archaeological resources. Itstitle notwithstanding, the book gives the impression that sites are thecritical units. For professional practitioners, Bracken and archaeologyrecommends principles of management that `could equally be applied toall environmental factors' (p. 30). Full of well-illustratedpractical advice, it is systematic, succinct and clearly presented. TIM TIM TimothyTIM Technical Interchange MeetingTIM Transient Intermodulation DistortionTIM Time Is MoneyTIM The Invisible Man (movie)TIM Telecom Italia Mobile (Italian cellular provider)EATON. Plundering the past: Roman stonework stonework,term applied to various types of work—that of the lapidary who shapes, cuts, and polishes gemstones or engraves them for seals and ornaments; of the jeweler or artisan who mounts or encrusts them in gold, silver, or other metal; of the stonemason who in MedievalBritain. 160 pages, 77 figures, 25 colour plates. 2000. Stroud &Charleston (SC): Tempus; 0-7524-1903-X paperback 15.99 [pounds sterling]& $27.50. That Roman masonry and sculpture was robbed and recycled during theearlier Middle Ages is a truism of the trade well worth systematicreassessment and Dr EATON has now taken the study of this phenomenonfurther than predecessors. His investigation is methodical andattractively presented. Distinguishing between contexts, he attempts toamplify and refine the work of D. Stocker on why Roman stone wasre-used. He suggests that, among other purposes, `archaism' (toborrow a term from elsewhere) was characteristic of the mid and perhapslater Saxon period. He has considered buildings from various regions butalso presents case studies (Chepstow, Hexham). It would be valuable tocompare France or the Rhineland. FRAN FRAN Functional Reactive Animation & GEOFF DOEL. The Green Man in Britain. 162 pages, 80illustrations. 2001. Stroud & Charleston (SC): Tempus; 0-7524-1916-1paperback 12.99 [pounds sterling] & $22.50. Beating back the sceptics with the help of a gazetteer gazetteer(găz'ĭtēr`), dictionary or encyclopedia listing alphabetically the names of places, political divisions, and physical features of the earth and giving some information about each. of nearly1000 carvings in stone or wood (almost all in England), Mr & MrsDOEL hold that the folklore of the Green Man can be traced back to theMiddle Ages. Many of the gazetteer's entries are too simple (e.g.`bench end', pp. 150-51). N.J. HIGHAM & D.H. HILL (ed.). Edward the Elder Edward the Elder,d. 924, king of Wessex (899–924), son and successor of Alfred. He fought with his father against the Danes. At Alfred's death (899) Edward's succession was disputed by his cousin Æthelwold, who allied himself with the Danes of , 899-924.xvi+320 pages, 45 figures, 10 tables. 2001. London: Routledge;0-415-21496-3 hardback 55 [pounds sterling] & $82.50, 0-415-21497-1paperback 16.99 [pounds sterling] & $25.49. Dr HIGHAM introduces and rounds up 20 scholarly assessments ofaspects of King Edward's reign. They dwell on administration,politics and strategy with plenty of attention to archaeology (note J.Graham-Campbell on northern hoards), architecture (C. Heighway on theminster at Gloucester), and historical topography (D. HILL on Mercianshire towns) as well as art history and history. Papers on the north(including R. Hall on York) and Ireland (A. Woolf) add perspective. JAMES DYER. Discovering prehistoric England: a gazetteer ofprehistoric sites (2nd edition). 248 pages, figures. 2001. PrincesRisborough: Shire; 0-7478-0507-5 paperback 9.99 [pounds sterling]. Mr DYER's very compendious com��pen��di��ous?adj.Containing or stating briefly and concisely all the essentials; succinct.[Middle English, from Late Latin compendi , highly detailed and exceedinglylearned gazetteer has been redesigned, up-dated and expanded. See also `Romans', above. South Asia R.S. SHARMA. Early Medieval Indian society: a studyinfeudalisation, x+374 pages, 12 tables. 2001. London: Sangam;0-86311-845-3 hardback 29.95 [pounds sterling]. MANUEL KEENE with SALAM KAOUKJI. Treasury of the world: jewelledarts of India in the age of the Mughals. 160 pages, 291 colour figures,1 b&w figure. 2001. London: Thames & Hudson; 0-500-976082paperback 18.95 [pounds sterling]. Prof. SHARMA's coherent approach is steeped in marxism: `whatdistinguished the period was continuous feudalisation ... The sultansthemselves became victims' of it (p. 284). Ideologynotwithstanding, the process was not always smooth, he points out. Acompact appendix reviews `material culture' -- astronomy,metallurgy (especially iron working), brickwork (Nalanda), medicine,water management, etc. Treasury of the world is a sumptuous catalogue for the recentexhibition at the British Museum. Like Attila to Charlemagne (see ourpicture review), it betrays scarcely a hint of the struggles of thetime. The seas MICHAEL MCCARTHY. Iron and steamship steamship,watercraft propelled by a steam engine or a steam turbine.Early Steam-powered ShipsMarquis Claude de Jouffroy d'Abbans is generally credited with the first experimentally successful application of steam power to navigation; in 1783 his archaeology: success andfailure on the SS Xantho. xiv+234 pages, 77 figures. 2000. New York New York, state, United StatesNew York,Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 0-306-46365-2 hardback $59. ROBERT S. WEDDLE. The wreck of the Belle, the ruin of La Salle.xvii+327 pages, 20 figures. 2001. College Station (TX): Texas A&MUniversity Press; 1-58544-121-X hardback $29.95. P.J. CAPELOTTI. Sea drift: rafting adventures in the wake of`Kon-tiki'. xxi+295 pages, 23 figures. 2001. New Brunswick (NJ):Rutgers University Press Rutgers University Press is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in Piscataway, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University. The press was founded in 1936, and since that time has grown in size and in the scope of its publishing program. ; 0-8135-2978-6 hardback $26. The SS Xantho was wrecked off Western Australia in 1872. MrMCCARTHY assesses the ship with data from archives (finding that it wasan inappropriate vessel for the undeveloped conditions of that coast atthe time) and explains in detail the procedures and results of recordingand excavation. Special attention is paid to the physical and chemicalprocesses of `site formation'. Parts of the wreckage were taken toa laboratory for treatment and investigation. Discrepancies were foundbetween the finds and the archives; and MCCARTHY takes issue with K.Muckleroy's dictum that we do not need archaeology of documentedships. The book is distinguished by commentary on methods. Pagination (1) Page numbering.(2) Laying out printed pages, which includes setting up and printing columns, rules and borders. Although pagination is used synonymously with page makeup, the term often refers to the printing of long manuscripts rather than ads and brochures. inthe contents pages is awry. In 1995, the wreck of La Salle's last ship was found along theTexas coast. Mr WEDDLE explains for the general reader how it was lost,in 1685, during the explorer's attempts to establish a Frenchpresence in the region. Sea drift is an absorbing account for the general reader. It hasbeen written and produced pleasantly and elegantly. Note too MICHEL BOUVIER. Les saveurs du vin antique: vins d'hier,vignerons d'aujourd'hui. 200 pages, b&w figures. 2001.Paris: Errance; 2-87772-209-X paperback F160 & 24.39 [EuropeanDollar]. CHRISTOPHER MCGOWAN. The dragon seekers: how an extraordinarycircle of fossilists discovered the dinosaurs and paved the way forDarwin. xvi+254 pages, figures. 2001. Cambridge (MA): Perseus;0-7382-0282-7 hardback $26 & CAN$39.50. Paperback editions LEONARD BARKAN. Unearthing the past: archaeology and aesthetics inthe making of Renaissance culture, xxxiv+428 pages, 199 figures. 1999.New Haven (CT): Yale University Press; 0-300-07677-0 hardback $40,0-300-08911-2 paperback $19.95. C.M. GILLIVER. The Roman art of war. 192 pages, 57 figures. 2001.Stroud & Charleston (SC): Tempus; 0-7524-1939-0 paperback 15.99[pounds sterling] & $26.99. TADHG O'KEEFFE. Medieval Ireland: an archaeology. 192 pages,77 figures, 25 colour plates. 2001. Stroud & Charleston (SC):Tempus; 0-7524-1926-9 paperback 15.99 [pounds sterling] & $26.99. These titles were reviewed in ANTIQUITY 74: 435, 715-16 and 957,respectively. Also received -- European VITOR OLIVEIRA JORGE (ed.). Proto-historico de Peninsula iberica (3[degrees] Congresso de arqueologia peninsular, UTAD UTAD Utah Army Depot , Vila Real,Portugal, Setembro de 1999, uma organizacao ADECAP-UTAD: Actas [Vol.5]). 541 pages, figures, tables. 2000. Oporto: ADECAP; 972-97613-7-Xpaperback. HANS BOLIN, ANDERS KALIFF & TORUN ZACHRISSON (ed.). Mellan stenach brans: uppdragsarkeologi ach forskning kring senneolitikum achbronsalder (Occasional Papers in Archaeology 27, StockholmArchaeological Reports 39). 152 pages, 35 figures. 2001. Uppsala:Uppsala University Institute of Archaeology The Institute of Archaeology is an academic department of University College London (UCL), in the United Kingdom. The Institute is located in a separate building at the north end of Gordon Square, Bloomsbury. & Ancient History;91-631-0623-X paperback. FREDERIC DELOUCHE (ed.). Illustrated history of Europe “European History” redirects here. For the Advanced Placement course, see AP European History.The history of Europe describes the human events that have taken place on the continent of Europe. : a uniqueportrait of Europe's common history (2nd edition). 416 pages,colour & b&w illustrations. 2001. London: Cassell; 1-84188-108-2paperback 18.99 [pounds sterling]. Fiction PAUL DOHERTY. The house of death: a mystery of Alexander the Great.xii + 276 pages, 1 map. 2001. London: Constable; 1-84119-302-X hardback16.99 [pounds sterling].